Commands and Structures in BASIC
07/27/95
Day 1
- CLS
- Clear the CRT screen
- END
- End of program run
- INPUT
- Input of either ASCII character ("string"), or numerical value
- FILES
- Show files on disk, like "DIR" in dos
- GOTO
- Goto a specific line number or label (like "JMP" in assembly language)
- GOSUB, RETURN
- Gosub to a specific line number or label (like "CALL" , "JSR"), with a return (like "RET", "RTS")
- LIST
- List out the program (start, stop)
- Print to the CRT screen (a left-over from teletype days)
- REM
- Remark, i.e. comment to end of the line
- SAVE
- Save current file to disk
- STOP, CONT
- Temporary stop, with continuation possible
- SYSTEM
- Exit the BASIC program structure, and return to DOS
- + - * /
- A few of the numerical operations
Day 2
- IF THEN ELSE
- Conditional testing, with results and exceptions
- LLIST LPRINT
- List out, or Print out, to the "Line Printer"
- DIM
- Dimension statement(s) for subscripted variables
- FOR NEXT STEP
- Looping for a starting assigned value, and closing value, with step changes of the looping variable
- TAB( )
- Numerical, or calculated, tab position assignments for CRT or line printer positions
- LEN
- Length of aan ASCII text string variable
- LEFT$ RIGHT$ MID$
- Excising a specified number of letters (as a copy) of an ASCII text variable, by left-right-middle
- RANDOMIZE
- Obtaining of a new "seed" for the pseudo-random number generator
- RND( )
- Pick a random number by the pseudo-random process
- Single & Double Subscripts
- Single, double, or multiple subscripted variables, for "Arrays" of those variables
Day 3
- ABS
- Obtain an unsigned value of a given variable
- ASC
- Obtain the ASCII value of an ASCII text variable
- AND OR XOR
- Logical, i.e. conditional, treatments of statements
- CHR$
- Print the actual character as it is, without regard to numerical or ASCII
- COLOR S
- et foreground and background color on the CRT
- DATE$ TIME$
- Get, or set, the date or time of the current computer
- HEX$
- Print out the numerical value in hexadecimal, instead of decimal
- Move the cursor to the selected row and column
- x=POS(0)
- Get the current column position
- y = CSRLIN
- Get the current cursor line position
- OCTAL$
- Print out the numerical value in octal, instead of decimal
- ON N GOTO, GOSUB
- "Computed" selection of GOTO's or GOSUB's, based on the value of "N"
- OPEN CLOSE
- Open or close a file on disk
- PRINT USING
- "Formatted" printed output
- STR$
- Conversion from a value to an "ASCII String" variable
- UCASE$ LCASE$
- Convert text to upper-case or lower-case
- VAL
- Determine the value of an ASCII text "number"
- Commas
- Commas are used as delimiters (breaks), on input variables, whereas ":" are used as delimiters (breaks) between commands.